An extraordinarily powerful solar storm in May 2024 generated auroral displays that were not only visible in the sky but also caused detectable disturbances deep in Earth’s oceans, according to new reports.
Ocean Networks Canada (ONC), which operates ocean monitoring systems off the Canadian coast, recorded significant distortions in the Earth’s magnetic field through their magnetic compasses. These disturbances were attributed to the high-energy particles released by the Sun during the event.
The implications are twofold: These data sets now serve as a valuable reference for identifying similar patterns in future geomagnetic storms, and they also aid scientists in understanding how solar storms impact our planet in various ways.
“As we move towards the peak of the 11-year solar cycle over the next two years, after a period of lower solar activity, we can expect more frequent aurora events, though forecasting these solar occurrences remains challenging,” remarks University of Victoria physicist Justin Albert.
“The data from ONC’s network could give us additional insights into solar activity’s effect on terrestrial magnetism,” he further explains.
Geomagnetic storms or solar storms are disruptions caused by the Sun that significantly impact Earth. These events involve the ejection of large amounts of solar material and magnetic fields into the Solar System, which, upon reaching Earth, collide with our magnetic field. This interaction can cause the beautiful auroras along with other effects such as electrical grid disturbances, navigation system malfunctions, and communication outages.
ONC’s deep-sea observatories, located off both coasts of Canada, can reach the depths of 2.7 kilometers (1.7 miles) and use their compasses in part to align instruments like the Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) which track changes in ocean currents. These systems require regular data verification for precision.
Earlier geomagnetic activities were detected in March by ONC data specialist Alex Slonimer. Questioning the cause, Slonimer suspected solar flares due to increased solar activities.
The March suspicions were confirmed during the May storm when compass readings especially from a compass situated 25 meters below sea level, exhibited dramatic deviations of up to +30 and -30 degrees.
This newfound application of subsea compasses suggests a potentially valuable method for examining the effects of solar activity on Earth.
“This demonstrates the significance of the solar event and opens new doors to understanding how widespread and intense these geomagnetic storms can be,” reflects Kate Moran, ONC president.
FAQ Section
What exactly is a solar storm?
A solar storm, also known as a geomagnetic storm, is a disruption in Earth’s magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shockwave and/or cloud of magnetic field that interacts with Earth’s magnetic field.
How can solar storms affect Earth?
Solar storms can lead to beautiful auroras, but they can also disrupt power grids, satellite communications, and navigation systems.
Are solar storms dangerous?
While the radiation from solar storms can pose risks to astronauts and satellites in space, they are generally not dangerous to humans on Earth’s surface. However, they can have significant effects on our technology.
Can solar storms be predicted?
The prediction of solar storms is complex and not always accurate. While scientists can observe patterns in solar activity, the precise timing and impact of these events can be difficult to forecast.
What new information did we learn from the May 2024 solar storm?
We learned that the effects of solar storms can be detected deep in the ocean, as shown by the distortions in the Earth’s magnetic field recorded by subsea compasses during the storm.
Conclusion
The solar storm of May 2024 has shed light on the far-reaching impact that such celestial events can have, extending our understanding of their effects to the depths of the ocean. Through the data captured by ONC’s observatories, not only do we gain an appreciation for the beauty of auroras but also a recognition of the profound influence solar activity has on Earth’s magnetic field. Continued study of these phenomena will be invaluable, particularly as we approach the peak of the solar cycle, equipping us to better predict and mitigate the disruptions caused by these powerful solar outbursts.