A groundbreaking study published in PLOS ONE has unveiled a significant discovery in the realm of marine mammal health, marking the first identification of Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 (OtGHV1) in free-ranging South American pinnipeds. Additionally, researchers have identified a previously unknown herpesvirus, Otariid gammaherpesvirus 8 (OtGHV8), in South American sea lions inhabiting the Southern Hemisphere.
Led by a collaborative team of veterinarians and researchers from Brookfield Zoo Chicago, Programa Punta San Juan, Shedd Aquarium, University of Illinois Wildlife Epidemiology Lab, University of Florida, and local partners in Peru, this study sheds new light on the prevalence and diversity of herpesviruses among pinnipeds. By conducting sampling and testing in Punta San Juan, Peru, researchers seized the opportunity to explore the epidemiology of herpesviruses in this region, where information on pinniped populations is limited.
OtGHV1, previously documented in California sea lions in the Northern Hemisphere, is known to be associated with high rates of urogenital cancer. Despite overlapping geographic ranges, this virus and its associated cancer have not been identified in northern fur seals. However, through comprehensive testing, researchers not only detected OtGHV1 in South American pinnipeds but also uncovered OtGHV8—a novel herpesvirus previously unknown to science.
Dr. Matt Allender, co-author of the study, emphasized the significance of these findings in advancing our understanding of herpesvirus diversity and distribution in marine mammals. Furthermore, the identification of OtGHV8 underscores the complexity of viral ecology in pinniped populations and highlights the need for continued research into their health.
The discovery of these herpesviruses raises important questions about their potential impact on pinniped populations and underscores the importance of conservation efforts. With South American pinniped populations already facing threats from hunting, habitat loss, overfishing, and pollution, understanding the role of pathogens like herpesviruses is crucial for effective conservation management.
Dr. Karisa Tang, vice president of animal health at Shedd Aquarium and a co-author of the study, emphasized the significance of health assessments in informing conservation strategies and protecting marine life. By identifying potential pathogen threats and understanding their interactions, researchers can strengthen intervention efforts and minimize the impacts of disease on vulnerable pinniped populations.
This study exemplifies the critical role of research and collaboration in advancing our knowledge of aquatic animal health and contributing to conservation efforts. Through initiatives like the Illinois Zoological and Aquatic Animal Residency Program, institutions like Shedd Aquarium, Brookfield Zoo Chicago, and the University of Illinois are training the next generation of veterinarians to lead innovative research and conservation initiatives for the benefit of marine life worldwide.
